Most Recent IAPP CIPP-E Exam Dumps

Prepare for the IAPP Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe exam with our extensive collection of questions and answers. These practice Q&A are updated according to the latest syllabus, providing you with the tools needed to review and test your knowledge.

QA4Exam focus on the latest syllabus and exam objectives, our practice Q&A are designed to help you identify key topics and solidify your understanding. By focusing on the core curriculum, These Questions & Answers helps you cover all the essential topics, ensuring you're well-prepared for every section of the exam. Each question comes with a detailed explanation, offering valuable insights and helping you to learn from your mistakes. Whether you're looking to assess your progress or dive deeper into complex topics, our updated Q&A will provide the support you need to confidently approach the IAPP CIPP-E exam and achieve success.

The questions for CIPP-E were last updated on May 1, 2025.

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Question No. 1

What is a reason the European Court of Justice declared the Data Retention Directive invalid in 2014?

AThe requirements affected individuals without exception.

BThe requirements were financially burdensome to EU businesses.

CThe requirements specified that data must be held within the EU.

DThe requirements had limitations on how national authorities could use data.

Show Answer

Correct Answer: A

The Data Retention Directive was a EU law that required providers of electronic communications services to retain certain data, such as traffic and location data, for a period of between six months and two years, for the purpose of preventing, investigating, detecting and prosecuting serious crime1.However, in 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union declared the Directive invalid, because it violated the fundamental rights to respect for private life and to the protection of personal data, as enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU2.The Court found that the Directive entailed a wide-ranging and particularly serious interference with those rights, without being limited to what is strictly necessary3.One of the reasons for this finding was that the Directive applied to all individuals, all means of electronic communication and all traffic data without any differentiation, limitation or exception, thus affecting the entire population of the EU4.The Court also noted that the Directive did not provide sufficient safeguards to ensure effective protection of the data against the risk of abuse and unlawful access, and did not require the data to be retained within the EU5.Reference:1Directive 2006/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC2Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union3Press release No 54/14 - Judgment in Joined Cases C-293/12 and C-594/12 Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and Others4Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 April 2014. Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and Others and Krntner Landesregierung and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the High Court (Ireland) and the Verfassungsgerichtshof (Austria).Joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/125Ibid.

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Question No. 2

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Joe is the new privacy manager for Who-R-U, a Canadian business that provides DNA analysis. The company is headquartered in Montreal, and all of its employees are located there. The company offers its services to Canadians only: Its website is in English and French, it accepts only Canadian currency, and it blocks internet traffic from outside of Canada (although this solution doesn't prevent all non-Canadian traffic). It also declines to process orders that request the DNA report to be sent outside of Canada, and returns orders that show a non-Canadian return address.

Bob, the President of Who-R-U, thinks there is a lot of interest for the product in the EU, and the company is exploring a number of plans to expand its customer base.

The first plan, collegially called We-Track-U, will use an app to collect information about its current Canadian customer base. The expansion will allow its Canadian customers to use the app while traveling abroad. He suggests that the company use this app to gather location information. If the plan shows promise, Bob proposes to use push notifications and text messages to encourage existing customers to pre-register for an EU version of the service. Bob calls this work plan, We-Text-U. Once the company has gathered enough pre- registrations, it will develop EU-specific content and services.

Another plan is called Customer for Life. The idea is to offer additional services through the company's app, like storage and sharing of DNA information with other applications and medical providers. The company's contract says that it can keep customer DNA indefinitely, and use it to offer new services and market them to customers. It also says that customers agree not to withdraw direct marketing consent. Paul, the marketing director, suggests that the company should fully exploit these provisions, and that it can work around customers' attempts to withdraw consent because the contract invalidates them.

The final plan is to develop a brand presence in the EU. The company has already begun this process. It is in the process of purchasing the naming rights for a building in Germany, which would come with a few offices that Who-R-U executives can use while traveling internationally. The office doesn't include any technology or infrastructure; rather, it's simply a room with a desk and some chairs.

On a recent trip concerning the naming-rights deal, Bob's laptop is stolen. The laptop held unencrypted DNA reports on 5,000 Who-R-U customers, all of whom are residents of Canad

a. The reports include customer name, birthdate, ethnicity, racial background, names of relatives, gender, and occasionally health information.

Who-R-U is NOT required to notify the local German DPA about the laptop theft because?

AThe company isn't a controller established in the Union.

BThe laptop belonged to a company located in Canada.

CThe data isn't considered personally identifiable financial information.

DThere is no evidence that the thieves have accessed the data on the laptop.

Show Answer

Correct Answer: A

According to the GDPR, a data breach must be notified to the supervisory authority of the member state where the controller or processor is established, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons1.The GDPR defines a controller as 'the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data'2.The GDPR also specifies that a controller or processor is considered to be established in the Union if it has ''an effective and real exercise of activity through stable arrangements'' in the Union, regardless of its legal form or location of its headquarters3.

In this scenario, Who-R-U is not a controller established in the Union, because it does not have any stable arrangements in the Union that involve the processing of personal data. The company only offers its services to Canadians, and does not target or monitor individuals in the Union. The fact that it has purchased the naming rights for a building in Germany, which comes with a few offices, does not constitute an effective and real exercise of activity in the Union, as the offices do not include any technology or infrastructure for processing personal data, and are only used by executives while traveling internationally. Therefore, Who-R-U is not subject to the GDPR's data breach notification obligation, and is not required to notify the local German DPA about the laptop theft.

Art. 33 GDPR -- Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority

Art. 4 GDPR -- Definitions

Art. 3 GDPR -- Territorial scope

Guidelines 9/2022 on personal data breach notification under GDPR

Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR

I hope this helps you understand the GDPR and data breach notification better. If you have any other questions, please feel free to ask me.

Question No. 3

What should a controller do after a data subject opts out of a direct marketing activity?

AWithout exception, securely delete all personal data relating to the data subject.

BWithout undue delay, provide information to the data subject on the action that will be taken.

CRefrain from processing personal data relating to the data subject for the relevant type of communication.

DTake reasonable steps to inform third-party recipients that the data subject's personal data should be deleted and no longer processed.

Show Answer

Correct Answer: C

According to Article 21 of the GDPR, the data subject has the right to object at any time to the processing of his or her personal data for direct marketing purposes, which includes profiling related to such marketing. When the data subject exercises this right, the controller must stop processing the personal data for that purpose, unless it can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing that override the interests, rights, and freedoms of the data subject, or for the establishment, exercise, or defense of legal claims. The controller must also inform the data subject of this right before the first communication with him or her, and in a clear and separate manner from other information. The controller must also provide the data subject with a simple and effective way to opt out of receiving direct marketing communications, such as an unsubscribe link or a STOP text message. The controller must respect the data subject's choice and refrain from sending any further direct marketing messages of the relevant type (e.g., email, phone, post, etc.) to the data subject, unless he or she opts in again. The controller does not need to delete the personal data of the data subject who opts out, unless the data subject also requests the erasure of his or her data under Article 17 of the GDPR, or the data is no longer necessary for the purposes for which it was collected or processed. The controller may also retain some minimal information about the data subject (such as name and email address) to ensure that his or her opt-out request is honored and that he or she is not contacted again for direct marketing purposes. The controller must also ensure that any third parties to whom it has disclosed the personal data of the data subject for direct marketing purposes are informed of the opt-out request and comply with it, unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort.Reference:Direct marketing rules and exceptions under the GDPR,Direct marketing and privacy and electronic communications,Marketing and advertising: the law: Direct marketing,Direct Marketing - What you need to know about direct marketing

Question No. 4

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Zandelay Fashion ('Zandelay') is a successful international online clothing retailer that employs approximately 650 people at its headquarters based in Dublin, Ireland. Martin is their recently appointed data protection officer, who oversees the company's compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other privacy legislation.

The company offers both male and female clothing lines across all age demographics, including children. In doing so, the company processes large amounts of information about such customers, including preferences and sensitive financial information such as credit card and bank account numbers.

In an aggressive bid to build revenue growth, Jerry, the CEO, tells Martin that the company is launching a new mobile app and loyalty scheme that puts significant emphasis on profiling the company's customers by analyzing their purchases. Martin tells the CEO that: (a) the potential risks of such activities means that Zandelay needs to carry out a data protection impact assessment to assess this new venture and its privacy implications; and (b) where the results of this assessment indicate a high risk in the absence of appropriate protection measures, Zandelay may have to undertake a prior consultation with the Irish Data Protection Commissioner before implementing the app and loyalty scheme.

Jerry tells Martin that he is not happy about the prospect of having to directly engage with a supervisory authority and having to disclose details of Zandelay's business plan and associated processing activities.

What would MOST effectively assist Zandelay in conducting their data protection impact assessment?

AInformation about DPIAs found in Articles 38 through 40 of the GDPR.

BData breach documentation that data controllers are required to maintain.

CExisting DPIA guides published by local supervisory authorities.

DRecords of processing activities that data controllers are required to maintain.

Show Answer

Correct Answer: C

:A data protection impact assessment (DPIA) is a process to help identify and minimise the data protection risks of a project that involves personal data, especially when using new technologies or processing that is likely to result in a high risk to individuals1.The UK GDPR requires data controllers to carry out a DPIA before starting such processing and to consult the supervisory authority if the DPIA indicates a high risk that cannot be mitigated1.The UK GDPR also provides some general guidance on the content and methodology of a DPIA, but it does not prescribe a specific format or procedure1.Therefore, to effectively assist Zandelay in conducting their DPIA, it would be helpful to refer to existing DPIA guides published by local supervisory authorities, such as the ICO in the UK or the DPC in Ireland23.These guides offer more detailed and practical advice on how to conduct a DPIA, what to include in it, how to assess and mitigate the risks, and when to consult the authority23.They also provide templates, checklists, examples, and case studies to illustrate the DPIA process23. By following these guides, Zandelay can ensure that their DPIA is comprehensive, consistent, and compliant with the UK GDPR and the relevant national laws.

The other options are not as effective as option C, because:

Option A: Information about DPIAs found in Articles 38 through 40 of the UK GDPR is too general and vague to assist Zandelay in conducting their DPIA.These articles only outline the basic requirements and principles of a DPIA, but do not provide any specific guidance on how to conduct one, what to include in it, or how to assess and mitigate the risks1. Zandelay would need more detailed and practical advice to effectively perform a DPIA.

Option B: Data breach documentation that data controllers are required to maintain is not relevant to conducting a DPIA.A data breach is a security incident that leads to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data1.A data controller must document any data breaches, including the facts, effects, and remedial actions taken, and notify the supervisory authority and the affected individuals without undue delay1.However, a data breach is not the same as a data protection risk, which is the potential for adverse effects on individuals as a result of the processing of their personal data2.A DPIA is a proactive and preventive measure to identify and minimise the data protection risks of a project, not a reactive and corrective measure to deal with the consequences of a data breach2.

Option D: Records of processing activities that data controllers are required to maintain are not sufficient to assist Zandelay in conducting their DPIA.A record of processing activities is a document that contains information about the purposes, categories, recipients, transfers, retention periods, and security measures of the processing of personal data by a data controller or a data processor1.A data controller must maintain a record of processing activities under its responsibility and make it available to the supervisory authority upon request1.However, a record of processing activities is not the same as a DPIA, which is a more in-depth and systematic analysis of the data protection risks and the measures to address them2.A record of processing activities may provide some useful information for a DPIA, such as the nature, scope, context, and purposes of the processing, but it does not cover other aspects, such as the necessity, proportionality, compliance, and impact of the processing2.