Isaca CISM Dumps - Pass Certified Information Security Manager Exam in 2026

The correct answer is D because the primary function of a web application firewall is to inspect, filter, and block malicious HTTP and HTTPS traffic directed at web applications. A WAF is specifically designed to protect web applications from attacks such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, malicious requests, and protocol abuse. It operates at the application layer and evaluates web requests and responses based on rules, signatures, behavior, and application-specific policies. Automatically modifying its configuration may be a feature of some advanced adaptive tools, but it is not the main defining feature of a WAF. Restricting external traffic within a private network is more closely related to network firewalls or segmentation controls. Redirecting distributed denial-of-service attacks is usually handled by DDoS protection services, content delivery networks, or traffic scrubbing solutions. In CISM terms, the correct control must match the risk and technology layer being protected. Since a WAF protects web applications by filtering web traffic, option D is the best answer.

It is most important that risk owners understand they are accountable for overseeing and monitoring the effectiveness of controls associated with the risk. In CISM, risk ownership means accountability for managing a risk within the organization's risk appetite. The risk owner does not necessarily operate every control, but must ensure that appropriate treatment is selected, controls are effective, residual risk is understood, and issues are addressed. Reporting metrics to the information security manager is useful, but it is only part of oversight and does not fully define accountability. Escalating deficiencies may be required when risks exceed tolerance, but escalation alone is not the primary accountability. Collaborating with stakeholders is important, but accountability remains with the risk owner. CISM separates control ownership from risk ownership: control owners may operate controls, while risk owners remain accountable for the business risk and outcomes. Therefore, overseeing and monitoring the effectiveness of related controls is the most important accountability for risk owners.

ISACA CISM Review Manual, Information Risk Management --- risk ownership, control monitoring, and accountability

ISACA CISM Exam Content Outline, Domain 1: Information Risk Management

Influencing human behavior is the primary benefit of an information security awareness training program because it helps to reduce the human errors and vulnerabilities that can compromise the security of data and systems. An information security awareness training program is a process or a program that informs and empowers users to protect data and computing assets from security risks and cyberattacks. It includes educational offerings that cover regulatory requirements, compliance policies, and safe computing practices. An information security awareness training program helps to influence human behavior by raising awareness of the security threats and challenges, enhancing knowledge and skills of the security best practices and controls, and fostering a positive security culture and attitude among the users. By influencing human behavior, an information security awareness training program can improve the security posture and performance of the organization, as well as prevent or mitigate the impact of security incidents. Therefore, influencing human behavior is the correct answer.

https://www.isms.online/iso-27002/control-6-3-information-security-awareness-education-and-training/

https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2019/volume-1/the-benefits-of-information-security-and-privacy-awareness-training-programs

https://threatcop.com/blog/benefits-and-purpose-of-security-awareness-training/.

The correct answer is B because an independent assessment provides objective evidence regarding the design and operating effectiveness of a third party's controls. When a vendor will process customer information, the organization must obtain assurance that the vendor can protect confidentiality, integrity, availability, privacy, and regulatory compliance requirements. Independent assessments, such as third-party audit reports or assurance reviews, are stronger than self-reported information because they are performed by an objective party. Incident response test results may show one aspect of readiness, but they do not provide broad evidence that all required controls operate effectively. An external vulnerability assessment is useful for identifying technical weaknesses, but it is limited in scope. A questionnaire can help gather information during due diligence, but it relies heavily on vendor representations. CISM emphasizes third-party risk management, due diligence, contractual assurance, and ongoing monitoring. Therefore, an independent assessment is the best evidence that the third party's controls will operate as required.