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Question 1

Which of the following statements about the typical activities of a formal review process is true?

AIndividual review is only mandatory when the size of the work product under review is too large to cover at the review meeting

BVarious review techniques that may be applied by participants during individual review are described in the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-3 standard

CChoosing which standards to follow during the review process is usually made during review planning

DOne of the main goals of the review meeting is to make sure that all participants are aware of their roles and responsibilities in the review process

Correct answer: C

During the review planning phase of a formal review process, decisions are made regarding which standards and procedures will be followed. This planning ensures that the review process is structured, consistent, and aligned with organizational or project-specific guidelines, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of the review outcomes.

Question 2

Consider the following list of possible benefits of retrospectives (A to D):

ATeam bonding and learning

BIncreased test effectiveness/efficiency

CImproved quality of the test basis

DBetter cooperation between development and testing... and the list of possible characteristics of retrospectives (1 to 4) that enable achieving these benefits:The possibility of implementing suggestions for process improvementThe opportunity to raise problems and propose points for improvementThe regular review and optimization of the collaboration between team membersThe possibility of addressing and solving deficiencies in the extent and quality of the requirementsWhich ONE of the following options presents the BEST mapping between benefits and characteristics from retrospectives?

EA1 - B4 - C3 - D2

FA2 - B1 - C4 - D3

GA4 - B3 - C2 - D1

HA3 - B2 - C1 - D4

Correct answer: B

Retrospectives provide value by fostering improvement and collaboration. The correct mapping is:

A2: Team bonding occurs when teams openly discuss issues.

B1: Test effectiveness increases when process improvements are implemented.

C4: Test basis improves by addressing requirement deficiencies.

D3: Cooperation improves through regular review of collaboration.

Question 3

From a testing perspective, configuration management:

Aallows the expected results to be compared with the actual results

Ballows the tracking of all changes to versions of the testware

Cincludes all activities that direct and control an organization with regard to quality

Dfocuses on configuring static analysis tools to choose the most suitable breadth and depth of analysis

Correct answer: B

Configuration management (CM) in the context of testing involves the process of managing changes to the software and its associated artifacts, such as test plans, test cases, test scripts, and test results. It ensures that all changes are systematically tracked and controlled throughout the software development lifecycle.

Option A:Incorrect. While CM supports consistency in test environments, it is not specifically about comparing expected and actual results.

Option B:Correct. CM allows tracking all changes to versions of testware, ensuring that the correct versions are used and any changes are documented and managed.

Option C:Incorrect. This describes quality management, not configuration management.

Option D:Incorrect. Configuration management does not focus on configuring static analysis tools.

Question 4

An e-commerce site accepts credit cards for processing the payment. The payment processing form has a field for the amount of money to be deducted. The minimum amount of money that can be processed is $10. The credit cards have a limit of $5,000 (Five Thousand). Assume that only integers can be accepted as inputs. Which of the following set of boundary values you will choose for EFFICIENT testing for the amount of money that can be spent?

A9,5001

B10,5000

C9,10,11,4999,5000,5001

D9,10,5000,5001

Correct answer: C

Boundary value analysis involves testing at the boundaries between partitions. The most efficient boundary values to test are those at the edge of the input ranges:

Just below the minimum value (9)

At the minimum value (10)

Just above the minimum value (11)

Just below the maximum value (4999)

At the maximum value (5000)

Just above the maximum value (5001)

Testing these values ensures that the program handles the boundaries correctly, covering both valid and invalid input scenarios.

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Question 5

Following a risk-based testing approach you have designed 10 tests to cover a product risk with a high-risk level. You want to estimate, adopting the three-point test estimation technique, the test effort required to reduce the risk level to zero by executing those 10 tests. You made the following three initial estimates:

* most optimistic = 6 person hours

* most likely = 30 person hours

* most pessimistic = 54 person hours

Based only on the given information, which of the following answers about the three-point test estimation technique applied to this problem is true?

AThe final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours

BThe final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the initial most likely estimate as the final estimate

CThe final estimate is between 6 person hours and 54 person hours

DThe final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the arithmetic mean of the three initial estimates as the final estimate

Correct answer: A

The three-point test estimation technique is a method of estimating the test effort based on three initial estimates: the most optimistic, the most likely, and the most pessimistic. The technique uses a weighted average of these three estimates to calculate the final estimate, which is also known as the expected value. The formula for the expected value is:

Expected value = (most optimistic + 4 * most likely + most pessimistic) / 6

Using the given values, the expected value is:

Expected value = (6 + 4 * 30 + 54) / 6 Expected value = 30 person hours

However, the expected value is not the only factor to consider when estimating the test effort. The technique also calculates the standard deviation, which is a measure of the variability or uncertainty of the estimates. The formula for the standard deviation is:

Standard deviation = (most pessimistic - most optimistic) / 6

Using the given values, the standard deviation is:

Standard deviation = (54 - 6) / 6 Standard deviation = 8 person hours

The standard deviation can be used to determine a range of possible values for the test effort, based on a certain level of confidence. For example, using a 68% confidence level, the range is:

Expected value standard deviation

Using the calculated values, the range is:

30 8 person hours

Therefore, the final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours, which is option A.

: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.3.2, page 24-25; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 33.

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